研究初期，一些人出现了糖尿病早期警告信号：葡萄糖耐量降低。在他们身上，也同样发现了这种保护性效应。
Coffee's protective effect was seen even among people who had impaired glucose tolerance, an early warning sign of diabetes, at the beginning of the study.
长期以来的理论表明，从历史上看，已婚女性的自杀率低于未婚女性，这反映出“母亲”这一身份的“保护性效应”，而并非是婚姻本身。
A long-standing theory that historically lower suicide rates seen among married versus unmarried women reflects a "protective effect" of motherhood, rather than advantages of marriage perse.
长期以来的理论表明，从历史上看，已婚女性的自杀率低于未婚女性，这反映出“母亲”这一身份的“保护性效应”，而并非是婚姻本身。
A long-standing theory that historically lower suicide rates seen among married versus unmarried women reflects a "protective effect" of motherhood, rather than advantages of marriage per se.
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