如果离子固体有外力的约束，或者缺陷分布的不均匀，都会导致这样的偏离，因而会引起固体体积的改变，也就是说会产生内应力。

Such deviation generates volumetric change in the solid, which will result in mechanical stresses if the ionic solid is under mechanical constraints, or if the defect distribution is not uniform.

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型挡墙，冲击区体积较小，钢液混合不均匀，钢液在整个中间包内的平均停留时间较短。

The pound region volume of the baffle C type is still too small, so the liquid steel can't mix sufficiently, and the average residence time in the tundish is short.

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另外，炭黑粒子分布的不均匀性导致了海绵的体积电阻率较高。

The uneven dispersion of CB in foam results in higher volume resistivity.

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