伴生种是指植物群落中存在度(presence)和优势度(dominance)大致相等的而与特定群落间并无联系的确限度(fidelity)为二级的种类。 在植物群落的种类组成中,除了有优势种之外,还要一些常见的、与优势种时时相伴物种存在,这些物种被称作伴生种。通常伴生种在群落中不仅频繁地出现,而且相当稳定地与优势种伴生在一起,但是,伴生种对群落的过程与功能没有决定性或主要影响,可能偶尔会起着一定的阶段性的影响。因此,伴生种是那些在群落中经常出现而不起主要作用的物种。
羊草与其主要伴生种之间存在竞争与共存作用。
There existed competition and coexistence between A. chinense and its main companion species.
最后,任何一种瓶颈资源的效率提高,会导致其限制下的所有伴生技术、产品和服务的使用量翻倍。
Thirdly, increased efficiency in any one bottleneck resource multiplies the use of all the companion technologies, products and services that were being restrained by it.
传统上,人们认为烧掉天然气(即燃除)是一种去除石油生产中伴生的多余天然气的安全、有效的方法。
The burning of natural gas - known as flaring - has traditionally been viewed as a safe and effective way of getting rid of excess natural gas that comes with oil production.
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