一般地，合同价格中已经包括了包装用度。

Normally, packing charge is included in the contract price.

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文章为“品牌战”替代“价格战”提供了理论依据，即通过品牌建设提高品牌信用度，使得在价格提高的条件下需求量增加，而这只有在需求曲线改变位置时方能做到。

Therefore, this paper provides a practical means for firms to escape from the trap of price war and substitute brand war for price war through brand construction to increase brand credit degree.

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但是信用卡发行人看到的是现金流动而不是资产价值，因此房产价格的下降并不一定会带来贷款人信用度的改变，甚至会有利于发行人。

But card issuers look at cash flow rather than asset values, so falling house prices do not necessarily trigger a change in borrowers' creditworthiness. They may even work to issuers' advantage.

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