代偿性肥大compensatory hypertrophy 某器官的一部分或成对脏器的一侧受到损害或切除时,残余部分或残留的另外一侧脏器则肥大,并出现功能增强时称之为代偿性肥大或代偿性功能增强(compensatory hyperfunction),这在内分泌腺尤为明显。例如:切除大部甲状腺后,因甲状腺激素减少,致促甲状腺素分泌抑制解除,甲状腺分泌增加向发生残余部分的代偿性肥大。除了内分泌腺外,例如切除肝脏的一半,残余部分立即生长肥大,生长出所谓的再生肝。
比如,当心脏负荷加重,单个心肌细胞代偿性肥大来增加心输出量。
For example, when workload increases, compensatory hypertrophic growth of individual cardiomyocytes occurs to increase cardiac output.
肌活检主要为小群性肌萎缩,ATP酶染色见同型肌群化及肌纤维代偿性肥大。
Muscle biopsy showed: small groups atrophy mainly; extensive fiber type grouping and more hypertrophic fibers by ATP enzyme staining.
这种代偿性肥大随着时间的推移逐渐失去代偿,随着心肌细胞消失、纤维化,心室功能障碍。
This compensatory hypertrophy is pathologic because the process is maladaptive over time, with eventual myocyte loss, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction.
应用推荐