垄断有三种：自然垄断，人为垄断以及国家垄断。
There are three different sorts of monopoly: natural monopoly, artificial monopoly, and state monopoly.
在分析我国垄断特点的基础上，提出了我国反人为垄断和自然垄断，建立有效竞争市场的基本思路。
Based on the monopoly feature of our country, the writer proposes fundamental thinking to oppose man-made monopoly and natural monopoly.
评论家的第二项指责倒是令人担忧，这份协议从实质上来说创立了一个合法的电子书版权垄断联合体，人为地造成图书馆订阅价的上涨。
The critics' second charge is more worrying. In effect, the agreement creates a legally sanctioned cartel for digital-book rights that could artificially inflate the price of library subscriptions.
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