书面凭证，是指用文字形式记录的凭证，有别于“口头”。可以用纸面的形式或者由有关方面规定的其他形式。
第十五条受理机构作出受理或者不予受理的决定，应当出具加盖行政许可专用印章和注明日期的书面凭证。
Article 15 After deciding to or not to accept an application, an accepting institution shall provide a dated written decision certificate with a seal for the exclusive use of administrative licensing.
信用证是银行根据进口商的请求，开给受益人(出口商)的一种保证承担支付货款责任的书面凭证，它是商业习惯的产物而不是法律的创制物。
Letter of credit is a written document from bank to the beneficiary (exporter) to guarantee the responsibility of paying for the imported goods under the request of the importer.
本规则为运输合同采纳时方得适用，而不论该合同是否以书面订立，但该合同非由提单或类似的物权凭证所包括。
They shall apply when adopted by a contract of carriage which is not covered by a Bill of Lading or similar document of title, whether the contract be in writing or not.
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