研究发现，约三分之一的普通肾癌患者患病与基因突变有关系。
A mutated gene has been found in a third of patients with the most common form of kidney cancer.
目前认为垂体腺瘤的发生与基因突变、生长因子、细胞受体、转录因子和细胞信号通路等有关。
The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas is considered to be related with gene mutation, growth factors, cell receptors, transcription factors, and cellular signaling pathways.
肥厚性心肌病与缺血性心脏病无关，但是50%的病例具有家族性并且与基因突变有关。突变基因一般为心脏收缩过程先关基因。
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not related to ischemic heart disease but 50% of cases are familial and may be related to genetic mutations in genes encoding for cardiac contractile elements.
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