在日渐高涨的民族主义，特别是泛日耳曼主义势力的冲击下，这个多元国家开始瓦解。

Assailed by the rising forces of nationalism, particularly pan-Germanism, the cosmopolitan state began to crumble.

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条顿骑士团通常以城堡和防御工事组成的防卫网来巩固其对一地区的征服，日耳曼条顿骑士团下的立沃尼亚教会也建造了许多石头城堡。

The knights had always consolidated their conquests through networks of castles and fortified places, and the Livonian Chapter of the Teutonic Order built castles of stone.

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