abstract:Prior to 1994 immigrants from elsewhere in Africa faced discrimination and even violence in South Africa, though much of that risk stemmed from the institutionalised racism of the time due to apartheid. After 1994 and democratisation, and contrary to expectations, the incidence of xenophobia increased.
In addition, 2011 marks the 10th anniversary of the Declaration against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and related Intolerance, adopted in 2001 in Durban, SouthAfrica.