Until that time, airlines had been coming off a good year in 2007, when traffic and capacity were on the rise, particularly in international markets.

而此前的2007年却是航空公司的黄金年，当时客流量和运力都呈现上升势头，尤其在国际航线方面的表现更好。

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For example, food exporters like Russia have resorted to export restrictions when food prices rise, reducing supply on international markets.

举例来说，在粮价上涨时，像俄罗斯这样的粮食出口国对出口进行限制，导致国际市场的供应减少。

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Put options are so dangerous because when markets are volatile, their riskiness does not rise steadily, but spikes very sharply within a very short space of time.

卖出期权的危险在于，当市场动荡不堪时，其风险并非逐步显现，而是在极短的时间内突然爆发。

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But there is a price for that downside protection: underperformance when markets rise sharply.

WSJ: Mutual Funds That Act Like Hedge Funds

Nobody much cares about how companies make money when markets rise.

ECONOMIST: Buttonwood

If central banks focus on asset markets when they rise as well as when they fall, they will remove much of the froth.

ECONOMIST: The rise and fall of the wealthy