Scientists using this theory to trace our universe backward in time have found that its beginning point had a minimum volume that is not zero and a maximum energy that is not infinite.

科学家使用该理论追踪我们的早期宇宙，发现宇宙开始点拥有一个最小的体积，但是并不是零，一个最大的能量但不是无穷大。

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Constant volume, what's zero?

体积恒定，什么是零？

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Back to 30 years ago when China and the US established diplomatic relations, the bilateral trade volume was almost zero.

追溯到30年前中美建交之初，当时双边贸易额几乎为零。

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This piston is being brought out, so we expect 0 the work to be negative, negative. And we start o V2 ut with zero volume. We end up with a volume p2 of V2, and the external pressure is constant to p2.

所以我们可以想象功是负的,开始的时候体积是,最终的容积是,外界的压力恒为。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

dw=0 Well for constant volume, dw is equal to zero.

约束是恒定体积，此时。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

The reason in our radial probability distributions we start -- the reason, if you look at the zero point on the radius that we start at zero is because we're multiplying the probability density by some volume, and when we're not anywhere 0 from the nucleus, that volume is defined as zero.

在径向概率密度里，我们开始,如果你们看半径的零点，我们从零点开始,因为我们用概率密,度乘以体积,而当我们，在离核子很近的地方,体积是，所以我们会在这里。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选