However, the invasion of the so-called elpistostegalians—distant relatives of the coelacanth—"got wiped out by these extinction events, " McGhee explained.

但是，腔棘鱼的远亲elpistostegalians（译注：大概是一种爬上陆地的古鱼，没找到对应的中文）向陆地进发的努力“被这次大灭绝毁于一旦，”McGhee 解释说。

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But research is uncovering how these extinction events dictated the fate of life on this planet-for instance, determining which animals first crawled onto land and which ruled the oceans.

但是，科学研究正在揭示这几次大灭绝如何改变地球生物的命运——比如，决定了首先出现在陆地的动物和统治海洋的生物。

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One thing he found was that humans didn't necessarily have to kill these animals in great numbers in order to nudge them toward extinction.

据他发现，人类不必大量捕杀这些动物，就可以使它们走向灭绝。

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"If people continue with this spate of killing nesting turtles and destroying their eggs, they'll be destroying generations of turtles and their offspring and pushing these wonderful reptiles into extinction, " says project officer of the Ghana Wildlife Society, Gerrard Osei Boakye.

BBC: volunteers pulling a turtle to safety

"These measures are needed to avoid extinction of cod in the North Sea, " said a commission spokesman.

BBC: Emergency ban to save cod

Every newspaper is experimenting like mad these days, hoping to avoid extinction, but only the Post manages to wrong-foot itself just about every time it breaks its routine.

FORBES: A Brief History of the Washington Post's Screwups