General temperature measurement only considers the effect of convection and conduction on the thermocouple measurement and not consider the effect of thermal radiation.
一般温度的测量，只考虑对流换热对热电偶测温的影响，未考虑热辐射对热电偶测温的影响。
In synchrotron radiation X-Ray lithography, distortion of mask is caused by its initial tension, stress and inhomogeneous thermal effect.
在同步辐射X射线光刻中，由于掩模的初始张应力和掩膜的非均匀受热将使掩模产生热畸变。
The thermal radiation effect depends on the shape of specific surface, and is evaluated by view factors.
辐射换热效果与具体辐射表面形状有关，常用辐射换热因子来衡量。
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