So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.

因此，学科垄断不仅可以通过创造知识来形成，还可以通过培养知识分子来形成。

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Moreover, the production of knowledge by regions seems to be also affected by spatial spillovers due to R&D activity performed in other regions.

知识生产的局部溢出是存在的； 邻近地区的R&D的努力对当地知识生产的影响作用是随着距离而衰减的。

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The clerical workers considered factors such as quality of work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list, but these were at the bottom of the production workers' list.

文员们把工作质量和工作知识等因素放在工作清单的最前面，但这些因素在生产工人的工作清单中却排在最后。

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Or are they more interested in the accumulation and production of knowledge?

还是说它们更注重,知识的积累和产生？

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Historians and sociologists of science have made a convincing case that language plays a crucial role in the production of knowledge about the natural world.

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In the last three decades as some manufacturing has moved to other countries, the US economy has more than trebled by moving up the economic ladder through continuous innovations, past outdated manufacturing to services and the production of knowledge.

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If your universities, if your system of higher education migrates toward applied knowledge, away from the production of basic knowledge, it may therefore hurt your overall economy in terms of its capacity to generate the people and the talent you need for broad based problem solving and innovation regardless of its specific applications.

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