...但是过度委婉又会造成误会或者交际的失败，因而构建委婉语的时候不能任意选择，而应该和被替代的语言符号（the linguistic sign）或禁忌主题相关，这就是相关原则，相关原则限制了委婉语和其所指的距离。
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It is not the mediation of the linguistic sign that forms signification, but the significance of the face that makes the sign-function possible.
语言符号的调解并不能形成意义(并没有什么意味)，而是脸的意义(意味)使得符号-功能成为可能。
The Linguistic sign possesses the feature of Pluralism. This feature can be described in the form of unification which has been employed in mathematical logic.
语言符号具有多元性，可以采用数理逻辑的“合一”方法来描述这一特性。
In the studies of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of the linguistic sign, two major problems remain to be clarified :(1) What does it mean by arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness in linguistics?
在语言符号任意性和非任意性的研究中，存在着两个需要商榷的问题：（1）语言的任意性和非任意性到底指什么；
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