The income effect is far more powerful than the substitution effect.

收入效应远远比替代效应强大。

youdao

It promotes the income effect, substitution effect and finance effect aroused by tax.

税务筹划利导了企业税收引起的收入效应、替代效应与金融效应。

youdao

We also compared the income effect of related transactions with non-related transactions.

我们也比拟了非关联买卖的关联买卖收入效应。

youdao

She says the increase in income has a huge effect on the whole community as well.

VOA: special.2010.06.16

The most fruitful reform, notes Lardy, would be to end financial repression by liberalizing interest rates, which would increase real rates on deposits, thereby decreasing saving if the income effect is strong, and increasing consumption.

FORBES: China's Challenge: Balancing the State and Market

They cannot know what the investment return of a pension will be, or the final income, or the effect of inflation.

ECONOMIST: A new scheme has potential drawbacks

Net income did decline 95% because of the effect of other income.

FORBES: Q: Why are Zynga profits down 95%?