Scientists thought that thick soups with chunks of vegetables which required chewing might be more filling, but to their surprise they found all forms had the same effect.

科学家认为，由于用大片蔬菜熬制而成的浓汤需要咀嚼，可能更容易让人产生饱意，但令他们惊讶的是，他们发现所有类型的汤功效都一样。

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The effect of all this was to “lower the rock to your level”, removing its capacity to challenge and surprise.

所有这些都是为了“降低难度，向你的水平靠拢”，但是这样一来，挑战的空间和获得惊喜的可能就大大降低了。

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The appearance of a water bottle at a critical moment to exercise his total would not have any effect, surprise.

拥有水壶的外观总在关键时刻发挥他本来不会有的效果，出其不意。

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The overall effect of the app is to surprise you and make you reconsider some basic assumptions about one of your basic senses.

FORBES: Exploratorium's iPad App Uncovers The Secrets Of Sound

Rather than the deterrent effect expected from IW (much as the Japanese planners of the surprise attack against Pearl Harbor had hoped), a reckless application of information operations could provoke massive retaliation.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center for Security Policy | Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace or Emerging Threat? | Page: 14

This protein (a member of a group called the lectins, that is being tested for insecticidal properties) was already known to be bad for the immune system, so its effect on the rats would hardly have been a surprise to anyone with a knowledge of the field.

ECONOMIST: Potato-heads