For instance, Craig Venter's Synthetic Genomics and other companies are trying to develop microbes that turn coal, tar shale and oil into methane.

例如，克雷格·文特尔(Craig Venter)的合成基因学说，以及其他一些公司正在试图开发把碳、页岩焦油和原油变为甲烷的微生物。

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Our known fossil fuel reserves are soaring. New finds of coal, natural gas, oil, tar sands, and oil shale keep growing, not declining.

已知的矿石燃料储备猛涨；不断有新的煤矿、天然气、石油、焦油砂和油页岩被发现；人口数量也在增长。

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There are also unconventional oil resources now being brought to the market, including shale oil from tar sands.

也有包括从焦油沙中提炼的页岩油等，非传统的石油资源被引入市场。

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Unconventional sources of oil and gas that are set for further exploitation include Canada's tar sands, shale and coal-bed methane deposits around the world.

ECONOMIST: Drilling on Wall Street | The

Even if new finds elsewhere have been rarer and less accessible than in the past, vast quantities of oil could now be profitably stripped from tar sands and shale.

ECONOMIST: The oil price: Recoil | The

Oil shale and tar sands are other sources of liquid fuel that are harder on the environment than petroleum.

NPR: Will Pricey Fuel Prompt Greener Energy Habits?