The voltage ratio is derived and the system closed-loop control is realized with PI regulator.

从理论上推导了电压传输比，采用PI调节器实现了系统的闭环控制。

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The control law makes the system closed-loop stable, and the gain of the system for the disturbance input will be limited under a scheduled upper - bound.

该控制律使系统闭环稳定，且系统对扰动输入的增益不超过某一人为设定的上界。

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A closed system would be, for instance, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, with the lid on top.

一个封闭系统可以是，比如说，一杯放了一个冰块的冰水，顶上加了盖子。

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The process uses a closed system to keep hair and dirt out of the milk.

VOA: special.2010.07.20

The system can be an open system, or it can be a closed system, or it can be isolated.

系统可以是开系，可以是闭系，或是孤立系。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We don't say anything about implicitly here, we're talking about a closed system, so there's no mass leaving the system.

我们不讨论,这是隐含条件，因为我们讨论的是孤立系统，因此系统没有物质流失。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

But autarky an economic system closed to outside trading partners was a central principle of Indian economics until the reforms that began in the 1990s began to liberate Indians from poverty by the millions and build a large and growing middle class.

FORBES: What Were Gandhi's Views On Capitalism?

Its first success was the iPod, and Apple leveraged this to create an iPlatform, an ecosystem built around its closed operating system and closed products.

FORBES: Importance of Being a Platform (Apple, LinkedIn, Amazon, eBay, Google, Facebook)

But I think the key thing, though, is that Chad has a closed political system and it has had a closed political system since long before Deby came to power.

NPR: Chad Conflict Stirs Global Response