The study of the operations of the components of a national economy, such as individual firms, households, and consumers.

研究一个国家经济的组成部分，如私人公司，家庭和消费者的活动的学科。

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The individual firms benefit from cost savings in areas such as technology and from the marketing clout that comes from being part of a bigger group.

子公司受惠于技术支持等方面的成本节省和来自于母公司的市场影响力。

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Peter Boland, a consultant, suggests that firms that understand how to tailor services to individual customers, such as financial-services businesses, could compete with health plans.

ECONOMIST: California leads, but the rest of America is not far behind

Such a process succeeds at the level of the economy as a whole, while remaining coldly indifferent to the fate of individual firms within it.

ECONOMIST: Evolutionary economics is surviving, but not thriving