They perform the function of substitute money and are known as' instruments of credit '.

它们起着货币代替物的作用，被称为‘信用工具’。

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'Companies, in the name of making money, substitute against labor through outsourcing or technology,' says Allen Sinai of Decision Economics.

经济顾问公司Decision Economics的斯奈说，企业以盈利为名，用外包或技术取代了劳动力。

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It may be because they need to earn more money to pay down their debt from their high-octane lifestyle, or just don't want to be at home and use work as a substitute.

也许是因为他们需要更多的钱来为他们大手大脚的生活方式买单，或者仅仅因为他们不想回家，只不过用工作来打发时间。

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But the medicine in Bangladesh was produced by a local drug manufacturer that used a dangerous substitute to save money.

VOA: special.2010.02.22

As these cases illustrate, winning the lottery is no substitute for good money management.

FORBES: Winning The Lottery Isn't Always A Happy Ending

Communities facing this problem have traditionally resorted to "scrip, " a money substitute in the form of tokens, certificates, even clamshells or buckskin to trade for goods.

FORBES: Magazine Article

As we discussed in last month Monetary Watch , the recent acceleration in uncovered money substitutes is no longer just about depositors liquidating time and other term deposits in favor of instantly redeemable demand and savings deposits (in Austrian speak, bank depositors liquidating credit claims, raising cash, then depositing and holding that cash in money substitute form with those same banks).

FORBES: Headline Monetary Aggregates for September