Risk assessment is an essential step of loan or insurance underwriting processes, and the risk grade calculation operation usually lends itself very naturally to a business rule based implementation.

风险评估是贷款或保险承保流程必不可少的一步，且风险等级计算操作通常有助于基于业务规则的实现。

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GWT will decide when it can run the next step of the calculation.

GWT会决定什么时候运行下一个计算步骤。

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Values are not approximations to prices nor a necessary step in their calculation.

价值并不是价格的近似值，也不是价格计算必须的步骤。

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And in terms of using these equations in solving problems on the exam, and also using these constants, make sure if you think there might be any chance you're going to get any little part of a problem wrong or do a calculation inaccurately, you need to write out every single step of your thinking as you write out these problems.

而当你在考试过程中用这些公式,来解题时，加上运用这些常数，如果你觉得有可能,在某一小问上出错,或者出现计算错误，请务必把你的思路一步一步地都写出来,当你在答题的时候。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Step two, count the forced payouts in some other tax or benefit calculation.

FORBES: Investment Taxes: Defensive Moves