Without a reference, you copy the entire array or hash onto the function call stack, and then copy it again in the function.

如果不使用引用，就需要将整个数组或 hash 表复制到该函数的调用栈中，然后在函数中再次对其进行复制。

youdao

We've already discussed the stack (an array), and the pointer.

前面已经讨论了堆栈(数组)和指针。

youdao

The LeakyStack class in Listing 3 shows an implementation of a stack backed by an array.

清单 3 中的 LeakyStack 类展示了用数组实现的堆栈的实现。

youdao

The integrated touch sensor array and solar cell stack-ups may include electrodes that are used both for collecting solar energy and for sensing on a touch sensor array.

FORBES: Patent Approval Paves Way For Apple To Fire Up Solar Powered iPhone