The chiral symmetry spontaneous breaking can be characterized by the quark condensates.

手征对称自发破缺的特征可以用夸克凝聚表示出来。

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We find that the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry and supersymmetry can be realized, but it is difficult to make the quarks and leptons to acquire small masses.

发现规范对称自发破缺和超对称破缺是可以实现的，但在夸克轻子质量问题上遇到困难。

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The esoteric path is considered to be the most effective means of breaking this vicious cycle of existential movements, and of effecting the upsurge of spontaneous awakening.

密宗的道路被认为是打破存在运动的罪恶循环的最有效的方法，也是达到自发觉悟的最有效的方法。

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Dr Nambu, who was at the University of Chicago, provided the mathematical foundations for understanding the spontaneous breaking of symmetries in fundamental physics.

ECONOMIST: The 2008 Nobel science prizes