IP-based service network is divided into three planes, bearing plane, signaling plane and application plane.

本文将IP业务网络系统按照功能分为三个平面承载面、信令面和业务面。

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Bearing plane bears media and signaling traffic, and signaling plane completes all control functions, and application plane means media or resource servers.

承载面承载媒体与信令流，信令面完成各种控制功能，应用面是媒体资源服务器。

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From the functional point of view, a GPMLS control plane can be partitioned into the following components: link management, routing, and signaling.

从功能上分，通用多协议标签交换协议控制平面分为信令、路由和链路管理。

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When Jeffrey Skiles, the co-pilot of the plane that made an emergency landing in the Hudson River in January 2009, explained how he and his captain decided that an airport landing was impossible, he described the same "gaze heuristic": The angle of the plane's descending glide made the airport appear to rise in their windscreen view clearly signaling that a landing there was doomed.

WSJ: Matt Ridley on Gut Feelings and the Writings of Gerd Gigerenzer | Mind & Matter