Short-term effects include the disturbances directly associated with the action of the pest, which may cause the defoliation, loss of vigor, or death of trees.

短期影响包括与害虫活动直接相关的干扰，可能导致树木落叶、失去活力或死亡。

youdao

Other archaeologists have identified the immediate cause of this abandonment to be a series of short growing seasons that would have put pressure on corn production at that high an altitude.

其他考古学家已经发现导致这种遗弃的直接原因是一系列短暂的生长季节，而这将会给生长在高海拔地区玉米的生产带来压力。

youdao

Kohler attributes the immediate cause of the abandonment to problems with corn production at a high altitude during short growing seasons.

科勒认为，（居住地）废弃的直接原因是高海拔地区的玉米生长季节较短，因此生产出现了问题。

youdao

Experts here in Seoul generally view the short-range launches as routine, and say there is no serious cause for alarm.

VOA: standard.2009.10.13

The largest volcanoes might cause short-term climate change profound enough to reduce agricultural production precipitously in many places at once.

ECONOMIST: Disasters are about people and planning, not nature��s pomp

But strikes by BA's cabin crew could cause short-term damage to the airline's traffic figures and longer-term damage to its reputation at a time when airlines are feeling particularly sensitive.

ECONOMIST: Business travel

Study leader Professor Richard Grundy, professor of paediatric neurooncology at the Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, the University of Nottingham, explained that radiotherapy in young brains could cause short-term memory loss and reduced IQ.

BBC: NEWS | Health | Chemo best for child brain cancer