Results Among 28 included studies, 5 were Chinese literatures, 1 was RCT, and the others were cross-sectional studies.

结果共纳入28篇文献，其中中文5篇，除1篇为随机对照试验外，其余均为横断面研究。

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In these studies, sectional deformation has been presented as the change of width and height of the cross-section.

在这些研究中，各段变形被描述成横截面的宽度和高度的变化。

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Bacterial concentrations are higher during exacerbation than during stable disease; however, these studies are cross sectional and devoid of strain typing.

虽然疾病加重期的气道细菌浓度高于稳定期，但是，以前的研究均为横断面研究，且缺乏菌株分型。

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The problem is that while there are lots of observational or cross sectional studies on soda and weight gain, there are very few studies which, by their design, can show cause and effect.

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An international team of researchers carried out simultaneous cross-sectional studies for three student populations (roughly grade 4, grade 8, and students in final year of secondary school) and assessed nearly half a million students in 41 countries.

UNESCO: II Part Analytic Section