A closer look at the fertility behavior of the poor is important because of the extensive literature on the "replacement effect" of high infant mortality.

仔细研究穷人的生育行为是很重要的，因为有大量关于婴儿高死亡率的“替代效应”的文献。

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Femoral head avascular necrosis were related to fracture type, replacement effect.

骨折类型、复位效果对股骨头坏死影响较大。

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Interest rate affects life insurance demands mainly through the replacement effect and price effect.

利率主要通过替代效应和价格效应影响寿险需求。

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Is this a new adaptation to capitalism or is it a replacement, in effect a threat?

FORBES: The Emergence of Social Capitalism: Adaptation or Threat?

The first possible effect is the replacement of one disease by another.

ECONOMIST: Plagued by cures

In effect, each agency may be in a different stage of technology replacement.

WHITEHOUSE: Testimony of Karen Evans