Presumption is one of the most important methods of judicatory proof, which relates to reasoning and inference very closely.

推定是司法证明的重要方法之一，其与推理和推论是相互联系、相互依存的。

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There are three characters in the writing paradigm of the contemporary Chinese theory aesthetic history: It is emphasizing logical reasoning proof, unifying the history and logic;

中国审美理论美学史写作范式的特点有三：强调逻辑推理论证，注重历史与逻辑的统一；

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The quantitative calculation can therefore be made for the academic value of scientific paper in terms of problem presentation, disciplinary advancement, logic reasoning and experimental proof.

据此，可从问题性原则、前沿性原则、逻辑性原则、实验性原则对科学论文的学术水平进行定量计算，从而可以较全面地评价科学论文的学术价值。

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It is time for the Court to construct a straight-forward reductio ad absurdum proof by logical contradiction to uncover the fallacies and inconsistencies in its past reasoning, which have led to a constitutional contradiction.

FORBES: The Paradox of Rights 'Granted' Us by Government