Measuring the effectiveness of these tools is hard, since nobody can know what the exchange rate would be in their absence.

要测算这些措施的效用是困难的，因为没人能够知道假如没有这些措施汇率会怎样。

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The rate of page cleaning, or the total absence of it, can cause large differences in timings which can make performance comparisons misleading.

页清除率，或者说总缺页率，可能导致计时上的很大不同，使得性能比较容易产生误解。

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The budget office says that in the absence of a stimulus plan, the unemployment rate would rise above 9 percent by early 2010, and stay high for years to come.

预算办公室称，如果没有刺激计划，失业率将在2010年初时攀高至9%或以上，并在接下来几年持续走高。

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"Although the rate of employee absence has fallen in the public sector, it is still a lot higher than in the private sector, and this issue should be addressed, especially given that the public finances are strained, " said Katja Hall, director of employment policy at the CBI.

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The rate was low amid resilient leasing demand and the absence of new supply, the real estate consultancy said.

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In the absence of Congressional action, the current rate will expire, and the dividend rate will revert to ordinary income tax rates.

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