The railway involves a natural monopoly: the only other way of getting to the ruins is a four-day hike along the Inca Trail.

这条铁路与自然垄断有关︰其他到达马丘比丘遗址的唯一方式，就是沿着印加小径徒步旅行四天。

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These ideas have played a positive role in the aspects of breaking monopoly and introducing competition in the railway industry.

这些构思在打破铁路行业垄断、引入竞争方面起到了积极的作用。

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The railway involves a natural monopoly: the only other way of getting to the ruins is a four-day hike along the Inca Trail.

ECONOMIST: The battle to reach Machu Picchu

Like a medieval town's sole inn, a railway line is a perfect example of a natural monopoly: it is tremendously expensive to build and it is difficult to justify more than one set of tracks on any route just to guarantee competition.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus