This article discusses the current data and recommendations with respect to disease screening, functional tumour diagnosis, natural history, preoperative imaging, operative strategy and follow-up.
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OBJECTIVE: Neuronavigational devices have traditionally used preoperative imaging with limited possibilities for adjustment to brain shift and intraoperative manipulation of the surgical lesions.
目的：神经导航装置传统上用于大脑变化调整低可能性时术前成像和术中手术病灶的处理。
Objective The aim of this paper is to study the value of preoperative lymphography and radionuclide imaging for rectal cancer patients.
目的评价直肠癌病人术前淋巴管造影和放射性核素淋巴显像的临床价值。
The outcome was evaluated by using preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative bronchoscopy and imaging studies.
通过术前，术中以及术后的支气管镜检查影像学评估结果。
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