In nineteen forty-one, a leader in the black community,A.Philip Randolph, threatened to lead a giant march on Washington for civil rights for blacks.

VOA: special.2011.06.30

Two leading black Socialists, Chandler Owen and A.Philip Randolph, urged blacks to support Socialist candidates.

VOA: special.2011.01.20

Philip Randolph was the president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a black labor union.

NPR: The March On Washington �� 20 Years Late

DuBois, A. Philip Randolph, Charles Houston and legions of similar figures in America's black history went to colleges and universities.

ECONOMIST: Letters | The