The direction of longest echo time is the direction of minimum earth stress, and the direction of greatest earth stress is perpendicular to it.
回波时间最长的方向为最小地应力方向，最大地应力方向与之垂直。
When the tensile load is not perpendicular to the twin boundary, the yield stress decreases and the deformation is mainly detwinning.
拉伸载荷与孪晶界不垂直时，屈服应力降低，变形方式则以去孪晶为主。
The effective weld length for any groove weld, perpendicular or skewed to the direction of stress, shall be the width of the part joined.
垂直或斜交于应力方向的任何坡口焊缝的有效焊缝长度，应等于被连接部分的宽度。
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