The short answer is good government and a flourishing economy. But such attributes may come and go in the life of a metropolis. In order to be continuously successful, a city has to be able to reinvent itself, perhaps several times. Harvard's Edward Glaeser describes how Boston has done this three times—“in the early 19th century as the provider of seafaring human capital for a far-flung maritime trading and fishing empire, in the late 19th century as a factory town built on immigrant labour and Brahmin capital, and finally in the 20th century as a centre of the information economy.” On each occasion, human capital provided the secret to Boston's rebirth. A strong base of skilled workers, writes Mr Glaeser, has been a source of long-run urban health.
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In order to be continuously successful, a city has to be able to reinvent itself, perhaps several times.
一个城市要保持成功，她必须能够改造自身，可能还要改造数次。
people start to get suspicious if both of you need extra manila folders every day -- or perhaps several times a day -- at exactly the same time.
如果你们俩每天总是同时需要额外拿牛皮纸文件袋，甚至一天发生好几次这种事，大家就会开始怀疑了。
In fact, students may change their minds several times, perhaps even after they enter society.
事实上，学生们可能会多次改变他们的想法，甚至在他们进入社会之后。
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