The focus measures are drived from the paraxial geometric optics model. All these focus measures have good monotonicity and unimodality.

利用近轴几何光学模型推导出焦距标度，这些焦距标度都具有良好的单调性和单峰性。

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One is Ray-Optics Model (RO Model) for the Mie particles, and the other one isElectromagnetic Model (EM Model) for the Rayleigh particles.

目前基本上可以较好分析光镊光阱力的理论模型主要有两种，即几何光学模型和电磁波模型。

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The optical force and torque of a micro-propeller-shaped rotor driven by TEM00Gaussian laser beam are calculated with a geometric-optics model.

在几何光学模型近似下，对用TEM 00高斯激光束驱动微型螺旋桨结构的光驱动力和力矩进行了理论计算。

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Where Jobs was the impresario of form, function, and business model, Land was the wizard of optics, chemistry, and physics.

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