Abstract – The challenges facing future generations are increasing in complexity due to globalization, growing interdependence, and the accelerating rate of change. These challenges fit the definition of adaptive challenges, and require thinking in more holistic and innovative ways (double-loop learning). Learning “how to learn” is the single most important skill for this “flat world. ” Several disciplines, grouped under the heading of “systems sciences,” offer the potential to improve our learning ability. One discipline, system dynamics, contains many attributes that make it an ideal approach for education. These attributes overcome several limitations humans exhibit when dealing with complex systems. The experiential nature of the approach makes it effective in accommodating a variety of learning styles. Most importantly, the process provides a learning framework supporting double-loop learning. Several recent innovations in delivery and technology (including learning labs, story telling, and web simulations) increase the effectiveness of the system dynamics approach.
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例如,挪威、奥地利、英国和美国四位学者撰写的《人类学的四大传统:英国、德国、法国和美国的人类学》(One Discipline,Four Ways:British,German,French,and American Anthropology)[1],从这本书的英文书名看,四位不同国籍的作者都承认英、德、...
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The need for rigour pushes people towards specialising in one discipline.
严谨的重要性促使人们专攻一门学科。
He failed the entrance exam on just one discipline — football ability!
他仅仅败在了一科上——足球能力。
She petted and pampered him and would let no one discipline him but she, herself.
她爱他,娇养他,而且除了她自己以外,她不允许任何人管教他。
Partly to show you that it's kind of weird, but also to tell you that one of the things you want to do is exercise what I'm going to call some type discipline.
一定程度上来说这有点儿怪,但是还是想要告诉你们的是,你们需要做一些,我称之为类型规范的练习。
And this is one of the most influential intellectual documents ever written in psychology because it took the entire discipline of behaviorism and, more than everything else, more than any other event, could be said to have destroyed it or ended it as a dominant intellectual endeavor.
这是心理学论文之中,最有影响力最出色的文献之一,因为相较于其他批判,这篇文章作为一种完全理性的尝试,可以说完全摧毁,或是终结了行为主义学派。
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