off-line electronic cash payment system 离线电子现金支付系统
off-line separable e-case payment protocol 可分电子现金支付协议
As an ideal payment type, the electronic cash have many excellences, such as lower cost, higher safety and off-line and so on.
电子现金作为一种理想的支付工具具有成本低、安全性高、离线交易等特点。
It is not only a method for research, but also a requirement to fulfill the extensive application of the off-line electronic cash payment system in our country.
这不仅是理论研究的需要，也是我国离线电子现金系统广泛应用的必经之路。
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