Conclusion The principles and methods for observational studies should be followed to reduce information bias, selection bias and confounding bias in statistical analysis of hospital data.

结论在对医院资料进行统计分析时，应遵循观察性研究的原则和方法，以避免可能存在的信息偏倚、选择偏倚和混杂偏倚。

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One limitation of this report is the lack of randomization for any observational design that can mislead for selection bias;

报告的一个局限性就是观察设计没有随机化，可能误导为选择偏倚。

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