A closer look at the fertility behavior of the poor is important because of the extensive literature on the "replacement effect" of high infant mortality.

仔细研究穷人的生育行为是很重要的，因为有大量关于婴儿高死亡率的“替代效应”的文献。

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The document concludes that the high risk of infant, child, and maternal mortality is associated with pregnancies where mothers are too young, too old, or have already had several children.

该文件的结论是，婴儿、儿童和产妇死亡率高的风险与母亲年龄太小、太大或已经有几个孩子的怀孕有关。

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The unusually high mortality rate among dolphin calves in the industrially contaminated waters along Florida's Gulf Coast is probably the result of their being poisoned by their mother's milk.

在佛罗里达海湾沿岸被工业污染的水域中，海豚幼崽异常高的死亡率可能是被它们母亲的乳汁毒害的结果。

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Novy-Hildesley explains, the doctor faced a high rate of infant mortality in the clinic.

VOA: standard.2009.12.18

Maternal mortality in America is particularly high in New York City, where extremes of wealth and poverty abound, says Deborah Kaplan, who oversees the Bureau of Maternal, Infant and Reproductive Health for New York City's health department.

VOA: standard.2010.06.23

Even with aggressive treatment, case mortality is high, reaching up to 25%.

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One can overstate the meaning of this but what seems notable to me is that, in contrast to the stagnation-era Soviet Union, the 2012 Russian Federation has health trends that, while still pretty bad, are mostly getting better: mortality is high but decreasing, the prevalence of many important diseases is high but decreasing, fertility is somewhat low but increasing, and population decline is decelerating rather than accelerating.

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