Now based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US, Professor Berners-Lee invented the web's address system and layout in Switzerland in 1990, revolutionising communication through the internet.

BBC: Web mastermind honoured

Alex Wissner-Gross of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US and Cameron Freer from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, have now put together a mathematical model that ties this causal entropy idea - evident in a range of recent studies - into a single framework.

BBC: Entropy law linked to intelligence, say researchers

Work on the machine was carried out by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University in the US, and Seoul National University in South Korea.

BBC: Pentagon helps build Meshworm reconnaissance robot