Negative Externalities: Sometimes markets impose costs on others who are not directly participating in the market.

负外部性：有时候，市场强加成本于其他不直接参与到这个市场的人之上。

youdao

On the contrary, the market is constantly at work rewarding producers and consumers who turn as many costs as possible into externalities.

而且恰恰相反，市场在不断地鼓励制造商和消费者，尽可能的把越来越多的成本转嫁到外部。

youdao

Markets become less-than-optimal allocators of resources when they fail to capture externalities in market prices.

在价格机制下如未能捕获外部性，市场不再是资源的最优配置方式。

youdao

So we are measuring the negative externalities against the market calculation, rather than all externalities against all externalities.

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When we should be comparing all externalities with market value added.

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This is like the problem of externalities, where market actors do not bear the costs of their actions or choices.

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