But hospitals have often profited from illegal mark-ups on medicine and from commissions from manufacturers on the sales of their drugs.

但医院经常通过药品的非法涨价及从生产商销售额中获得佣金来取得利润。

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Manufacturers have become quick off the mark in launching legal action against rivals, owing to a dynamic smartphone market across continents.

由于跨洲的巨大手机市场，制造商之间都快速采取法律手段反击竞争对手。

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However, the mark usually fades off with the time going on, how to reprint the mark easily and quickly is a difficult problem facing to many concerned manufacturers.

如何方便快捷地将有关标记重新打上是许多厂家正在研究的难题。

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Design teams work directly with clothing manufacturers to create private-label lines, avoiding the mark-up applied by apparel companies which normally serve as middlemen between retailers and manufacturers.

ECONOMIST: Retailing

Amazon claims they will not ask for the traditional mark-down allowances from manufacturers nor return privilege for the merchandise from the suppliers.

FORBES: Amazon.com new high fashion push is aggressive and will encroach on Department Stores' turf

But hospitals have often profited from illegal mark-ups on medicine and from commissions from manufacturers on the sales of their drugs.

ECONOMIST: The government��s plans are still something of a mystery