Nevertheless, he was appreciated by the "miner" of Europe; he plotted familiarly with Louis XI. , and often lent a hand to the king's secret jobs.

他被认为是欧洲第一个挖地道的人，经常替路易十一出谋划策，插手这位国王的一些机密事务。

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In the Middle Ages France was split into numerous fiefdoms and kingdoms, most of which were incorporated into the royal domain by the time of Louis XI (reigned 1461-1483).

中世纪，法国被分成无数采邑和王国，路易十一世时(1461 - 1483年在位)其中多数采邑和王国被合并为属于王室的领域。

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