All Y chromosomes in existence today are descended from a single ancestor's who is thought to have lived about 140,000 years ago.
现在存在的所有 Y 染色体都来自于一个被认为生活在大约14万年前的同一祖先。
Modern humans have lived as hunter-gatherers for more than 90 percent of their existence as a species.
作为一个物种,自从出现以来,现代人类90%的时间是以狩猎者-采集者的方式生存。
For most of the species's existence, humans lived in small foraging bands that had little material surplus and therefore enjoyed a relatively egalitarian existence.
相对于绝大多数物种的存在方式而言,人类生活在一个很小的狭长地带,那里几乎没有剩余食物,因此可以以相对平等的方式生存。
But on the other hand these advances have also come at a cost. And in this story there's also a sense of longing for the freedom of life in the wild--the innocent, simple, uncomplicated life lived day to day without plans, without toil, in harmony with nature Edenic a somewhat Edenic existence.
但是,换个角度来看,人类付出了代价,才得到这些优点,在这部史诗中,同样存在着,对一种纯真,简单,纯粹生活的向往,每天生活中没有计划,辛劳,与自然和平相处,就像以前的。
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