South Africa's fraught history with migration goes back long before apartheid, when the country imported migrant labor from surrounding countries to work in mines or on farms.

南非这样对移民现状的忧怨的历史早在种族隔离政策下达之前就开始了，那时候国家通过从周边国家引进流动劳动力到矿厂或农场工作。

youdao

Migrant workers — mostly here illegally — have been the labor force of our farmers and agricultural producers for generations.

流动工人——大多数是非法居民——是我国农场主和农业生产商多少代人以来的劳动力。

youdao

Still, factories here often have to pay middlemen and vocational schools to find migrant labor.

即使这样，有些工厂仍不得不通过中介和职业学校来寻找外来务工人员。

youdao

Policy Officer at the ILO's Special Action Program to Combat Forced Labor Beate Andrees says migrant workers see themselves as risk-takers.

VOA: standard.2009.08.21

Retention has historically been a problem for many manufacturers in China, which rely on the country's vast migrant labor pool.

WSJ: Companies Seek to Avoid China New Year Hangover

In New Zealand, commercial-scale wineries are largely dependent on migrant labor.

FORBES: What Works In Waiheke

The Human Resources and Social Security Department of Guangdong estimated that 10 million workers, or 61% of the province's migrant-labor pool, would head home to see their families for the New Year Holiday, with a return rate of around 90%, leaving a labor shortfall of up to 1.2 million workers after the holiday.

WSJ: Companies Seek to Avoid China New Year Hangover