Waring , barton, duane whitney, john pirone and charles castille. optimizing manager structure and budgeting manager risk. the journal of portfolio management ( spring 2000 ) : 90 - 104

最优化经理人架构和预算经理人风险。投资组合管理期刊（ 2000年春季刊） 90 - 104 。

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What's more, over the past two and a half decades a portfolio of Vanguard's actively managed U.S. stock funds has returned an average 0.9 points a year more than the Wilshire 5000 index, according to a recent study in the Journal of Portfolio Management.

FORBES: The Other Side of Vanguard