America spends only 0.17% of GDP on active labour-market policies, such as training and job search, far less than the OECD average.

美国用于激活劳动力市场政策的支出，譬如培训和就业指导等的支出，仅占gdp的0.17%，远低于经合组织的平均水准。

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Although government spending has shrunk in recent years, the Swedish state is still large (51% of GDP last year), and it spends much more than Anglo-Saxon countries do on everything from early-childhood education to job search and training.

ECONOMIST: A bit more unequal, a lot more efficient

And traditional scholars worry that a badge economy would put too much emphasis on job training rather than the search for new ideas.

WSJ: Merit Badges for the Job Market

President Obama wants to create a Universal Displaced Worker Program to provide individuals with high-quality job-search assistance and access to critical skills training for high-growth industries.

WHITEHOUSE: Revamping Job Training with the American Job Center