According to Jeffrey Liker, a University of Michigan professor of industrial engineering, it is the way Toyotas are engineered and manufactured that makes them successful.

密西根大学工业工程学教授Jeffrey Liker认为，丰田的成功归功于他们设计和生产的模式。

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Jeffrey K. Liker suggests in his new book, The Toyota Way, that this thinking is associated with traditional process improvement, focusing on local efficiencies.

Jeffrey k . Liker在他的新书The Toyota Way，中建议说这些想法与传统的过程改善相关，集中在局部的效率。

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But, ironically, the Japanese automaker would never consider outsourcing a quality-sensitive operation like a body shop or paint shop, says Jeffrey Liker, a University of Michigan engineering professor and author of The Toyota Way.

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